#20 research and inspiration

Shepard Fairey is described as a street artist. He began to appear in the news for wheat pasting, tagging and other arrests. He started branding and marketing designs for action sports markets. He is now married with 2 daughters.
Samples of Shepard Fairey's work:

The social issue I have chose to work with is breast cancer. The color that goes with this issue is pink and a common trend is the ribbon. Many people suffer from breast cancer and their are also many people that support and give to the cause to cure and help breast cancer patients. The major graphics for breast cancer are the pink ribbon and hearts.

Inspiration pieces:

This symbol for breast cancer inspires me because it draws attention but it is also still the original symbol.











I like this symbol because it is very simple but it also stands out from others because it is not a solid color.






The visual hierarchy of elements in this assignment are grid and zpattern. The grid will be used for the logo and the zpaatern will be used for the poster.

Color Psychology

#19 research and inspiration

The business card for The Candy Shop should have bright and outgoing colors.

Industry trends include using pictures of lollipops and children, and also use pink.

The competition is to make my business card stand out from the others by using different elements.

I like this candy shop business card because it is fun by using pictures on the left side and it is serious on the right side, where the information is.

 I like this candy shop business card because the fun colors in the candy makes the pictures very noticeable and draws attention. I also like that the card has a different use of color then most candy shops by using blue and gray. And the way that the information is spread out on the card draws attention to what is most important on the card.





In this assignment the principle of emphasis and unity/variety will be used. Emphasis will be used to make the candy and the important information on the business card to stand put the most. Unity/variety will be used in the color and in the type of fonts and sizes on the business card.

Stationary Package

Stationary package: The printed pieces that a company utilizes for communication purposes.

When establishing a business, it is very important that all communications are well coordinated and that the message of the organization is presented consistently.

Basic stationary packages includes a business card, a letterhead, and an envelope,

An essential part of a stationary design. It forms an immediate opinion about your company. It does more than tell people how to find you: it says something about your company- its mission, its culture, and its goals. Everything from the colors, fonts, textures, shade, and glass of the card says something about you.

Business card typically includes:
- Logo
- Company name
- Employee name
- Title
- Phone number
- Fax number
- Email address
- Company address
- Web address

Design tips:
- Must be 2" x 3.5"
- Horizontal or vertical orientation
- Check for accuracy
- Check for unity, continuity among other pieces
- Typical margin in .25" to .125"

#18 research and inspiration

- Fun and bright colors should be used for logos that are for a more colorful or upbeat company like a flower shop or kid's store, while serious colors should be used for companies like banks or hotels.

- Many industries use only 1-3 colors in their logo and the logo has something to do with the company.

- If their are many different companies that are similar, you would want to be different and stand out from the others.

I think the Apple logo is a good logo because it is very simple and it is not overpowering because its use of color is good and you can tell it is the logo for a serious type of company and product.

I like the Disney logo because it represents Disney by using a castle in the logo. I think the logo is fun because it has a picture and words, while it is not trying too hard to be fun by using many colors.





- The principle that will be used in this assignment are emphasis and contrast. Emphasis can be used by making an object bigger than the others to draw more attention to it. Contrast can be used in the color or type of the logo so that the logo stand out more.

#17 research & inspiration

- Colors should be simple and only few should be used
- The landscape industry logos have trends of trees and land in the design
- Competition is the other companies that also do landscaping

inspiration pieces:

This piece is inspirational because it is very simple in the way that it is designed and the text draws me in.

This piece is inspirational because of the good use of figure/ground that is used in the design of the trees and the emphasis of the company's name.





The elements that will be used in this assignment are emphasis, contrast, and figure/ground. The visual hierarchy of these elements will create a main focal point in my design and help to draw the viewer's eye to what is most important and to what is least important.

Logotype Prezi notes

Logotype: a graphic mark or emblem commonly used by commercial enterprises, organizations and even individuals to aid and promote instant public recognition.

Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo, including logographic languages such as Egyptian Hieroglyphics coats of arms, watermarks and the development of the printing technology.

As the industrial revolution developed in the 18^th and 19^th centuries, photography, and lithography (an early method of printing) contributed to the boom of an advertising industry that integrated typography and imagery together on the page.

As he same time, typography itself was undergoing a revolution of form and expression that expanded beyond the modest, serif typefaces used in books.

The arts were expanding in purpose- from expression and decoration of an artistic, storytelling nature, to a differentiation of brands and products that the growing middle classes were consuming.

Consultancies and trades-groups in the commercial arts were growing and organizing; by 1890 the Us had 700 lithographic printing firms employing more than 8,000 people.

As printing costs decreased, literacy rates increased, and visual styles changed, the Victorian decorative arts lead to an expansion of typographic styles and methods of representing businesses.

By the 1950s, Modernism had shed its roots as an avant-garde artistic movement in Europe to become an international, commercialized movement in the US and elsewhere.

The visual simplicity and conceptual clarity that were the hallmarks of Modernism as an artistic movement formed a powerful toolset for a new generation of graphic designers.

Modernist-inspired logos proved successful in the era of mass visual communication ushered in by television, improvements in printing technology, and digital innovations.

Logo design is one of the most difficult areas of graphic design to perfect because logos are meant to represent companies’ brands or corporate identities and foster their immediate customer recognition.

A logo needs to be simple, but have enough personality that it stands out in a crowd.

A good logo is distinctive, appropriate, practical, graphic and simple in form, and it conveys the owners intended message.

5 principles of effective logo design:
- Simple: Makes a logo design easily recognizable, versatile and memorable. good logos feature something unexpected or unique, without being "overdrawn"
- Memorable: Following closely on this principle of simplicity is that of memorability. An effective logo design should be memorable, which is achieved by keeping it simple yet appropriate.
- Timeless: Will yours stand to the test of time? Will it still be effective in 10, 20, or 50 years?
- Versatile: Needs to work in all kind of media and applications. Logos should be designed in vector format, to ensure that they scale to any size.
- Appropriate: How you "position" the logo should be appropriate for its intended audience.

Ask yourself, is your logo still effective if its printed...?
- In one color?
- In reverse color?
-The size of a postage stamp?
- As large as a billboard

Four color process vs. Spot color:
 -Four color process: A technique for printing with full color. The four colors reproduce all colors of the spectrum when mixed in proper proportion. Also called full color printing
 -Spot color: Method of specifying and printing colors in which color is printed with its own ink. Spot color is effective when the printed matter contains only one to three different colors, but it becomes prohibitively expensive for more colors.
-Pantone Matching System: Company created, every printer will utilize Pantone colors no matter what country you are in, all the numbers will remain the same.(PMS)
 -Color plays a important role in logo design. Color can illicit different feelings and emotions from the audience.
- Interpretation of color may vary depending on age, gender, and cultural demographics. Color should be carefully considered based on your target audience.
- Colors should also tend to follow trends, just like fashion. So a new vibrant company may want to follow current trends, whereas a bank may choose to stay with a more conservative color palette.
- Keep your color palette from two to three. Too many colors will increase your cost of production, and it may cause a chaotic design.

Combination marks: Graphics with both text and a symbol/icon

Iconic/Symbolic: Icons and symbols are compelling yet uncomplicated images that are embiematic of a particular company or product.

Wordmark/Lettermark: Incorporates your company or brand name into a uniquely styles type font treatment

Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD

What is an abacus?
considered the first computer because it was able to perform simple math calculations

In 1936,  Zuse invented this type of computer?
freely programmable computer

 
In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
used by the navy for gunnery and ballistic calculations
 
 
In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom?
the census bureau

What does UNIVAC stand for?
universal automatic computer

In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
international business machines

What is FORTRAN?
the IBM mathematical formula translating system
 
 
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
made them a more user-friendly tool

What is the significance of ARPnet?
it was developed to protect the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers

In 1971, Intel introduced this? 
the first single chip microprocessor
 

In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.
memory disk

In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
the first ethernet computer network

During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. 

Altair 


Apple I




Apple II




TRS-80


Commodore PET


In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?
the ms-dos computer operating system which was packages with the IBM pc

 
In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
apple

What is GUI?
graphical user interface




 
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?
apple macintosh computer, apple

The commercial only ran one time. When?
January 22, 1984

In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
windows operating system

Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?
1990

Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?
a hidden setting

Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.

Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
 I think computers will become like ipads instead of big machines

Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD

Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
from engravings or woodcuts

What is a camera obscura?
 an optical devise that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen 

 
How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
as a way to trace outside scenes and paint or draw them

From where did the photographic camera develop?
from the portable box

Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel, derived from the Greek words for light and writing  
 

 
Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce
 
 
Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Louis Daguerre, a image could be made permanent by immersing it in salt, the process was good but expensive, a image could not be duplicated

 
Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
William Fox Talbot, from the negative an unlimited amount of duplicates could be made, it is the basis of our modern photographic process

 
Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederick Scott Archer, this process reduced the exposure time, cot less then other processes, equipment had to be portable, a much sharper image was produced

 
Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox, used gelatin instead of glass, still the base of our film today

Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?
he made photography accessible to all, Eastman Kodak Company

 
In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
a camera owner could send in the camera and the company would process the film and then return it to the owner

What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
patenting polarized light filters, The Polaroid Corporation

 
How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds

What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
paved the way for motion picture photography

 
What is the Zoopraxiscope?
device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion


 
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
he used a series of large cameras placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as a horse passed by
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel


 
What is a motion picture projector?
 it magnifies the "moving picture" onto a screen for an audience

The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD

Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
Christopher Sholes

What is a "stenographer"?
the first and most important users of the typewriter
 
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
he tested it with unsparing tests, his judgement was similarly caustic

After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
the typewriter still took long to typeset and copy the words

Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Mergenthaler

What is meant by "typesetting"?
composition of texts by means of type
 
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand, produced a solid line of type

How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
it made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis


 
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
it had a 90-character keyboard, the arrangement of keys was based on letter frequency, and the keys were color coded for lowercase, uppercase, and punctuation

 
What is a slug?
 the assembled line of type in a single piece

Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
it had faster typesetting and composition than by hand

The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD

What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with? 
inventing the technology of printing with movable type
 
How did the printing press work?
ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand-set block letters held within a wooden form

What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
this love of reading

Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?
 woodcuts were not durable because they split in the press after repeated use
 
What is moveable type?
the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document

What is a matrix?
hard metal punch hammered into a softer copper bar

What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
oil based ink

What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
wood pulp, china

What is a "substrate"?
bring s a print color

Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
john just, Gutenberg could not repay the loan with interest so just would get the press, tools, and materials
What was the first book he printed?
 bible

 
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
perfected script, made it easier to read, books were made more rapidly, current information could be shared locally and around the world, cost of books decreased, demand grew and the population became more literate, people wanted books written in their own language, greater variety of books, book trade began to flourish, economies became stronger, art an science began to flourish

Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton

What was the early form of newspapers?
 trade newsletters

When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
1704, The Boston Letter

What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
 cast iron press
 
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?


Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
 relief printing, ink is applied to a raised surface and then stamped on the paper
 
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? 
 image are is etched into the plate surface to hold the ink, ink is applied then rubbed with a cloth to remove the excess, damp paper is placed on top, and a press applies pressure to transfer the ink to the paper
 
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
 basic stencil process, image carrier is attached to a screen and ink is forced through open mesh areas
 
What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
 printing from a flat surface, artwork is made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon, water is applied, when the ink is spread on top, the greasy parts accept the ink, and the wet parts do not
 
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
offset lithography

How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
the Gutenberg type was put together by hand and we use computers

Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
 four colors are used on a paper and they can create a illusion to make it seem like their are more colors being used

The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD

Post an example of a scroll.

What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
only allow sequential usage, readers must read the text in the order it was written
Post an example of a codex.

What is a codex?
covered and bound collection of hand written pages

"Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
because it is made out of wood

What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
sequential access: one must go through the scroll to find a certain passage
random access: one can go to any point to find information

What were the advantages of using the codex?
easier to organize in libraries

What helped spread the use of the codex?
the rise of Christianity

What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
parchment, hair and fat was removed from animals and skin was smoothed out, hide was soaked in water, calcium, flour, and salt were added, skin was stretched out, flattened and dried

What is vellum?
finer qualities of parchment made from skins of young calves

Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
durable parchment

What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
the decline of the roman empire resulted in fewer books being created
Post an example of an illuminated manuscript.

Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
monastic monks

What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
the borders, illustrations and ornamentation added to each page of text, ornamentation included initials of character or paragraphs, paintings in margins, borders, and around text

What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
quill pens

Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
the work was laborious

What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
 employed to make the materials used, without craftsmanship we wouldn't have tools